Military Sonar and Life of Marine Mammals

In 2006 April, 28 Zanzibar villagers were in shock after their coastline was covered with 400 dead dolphins. Zanzibar government went on imposing warning to the villagers and fishermen not to consume the dead dolphins as the reason of their death is not know.

From that peace of story from my country which happened about two year ago, rises my eyebrow when I was thinking what should I write concerned the effects of military vessels on the whales. Soon after that incident in Zanzibar, different comments on what might be the cause of their death were discussed. For example, some scientists believe that, the death may be a result of loud burst of sonar, from miles away and can be heard in water therefore scare marine mammals causing them to surface too quickly. This type of movement is known as bends whereby is occur to the people who dive for feeling severe pains and difficulty in breathing as result come to the surface too quickly. Shortly is when sudden decompression forms nitrogen bubbles in tissue. Other speculates the death to be caused by U.S. Navy task force which patrols the coast of East Africa as part of counterterrorism operations. The villagers themselves were thinking that the cause of death was disoriented of those animals which lead them to shallow water and died. Later on the U.S Navy acknowledged that sonar is likely to contribute to the death of those dolphins.

According to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, Sonar is described “as a device or system for finding objects under water by means of reflected sound waves.” The history of sonar goes back after the World War I where Britain and U.S develop the technology of navigating by sound in the sea. In the World War II sonar were used to counter attack the German ship. It was until the cold war era where the sonar technology was improved and was much used. In Word War II sonar was passive: essentially big microphones that listened for the distinctive sounds emitted by large submarines. Nowadays there are mid frequencies active sonar designed to find a new generation of smaller, stealthy submarine. Active sonar is working by sending out sound waves and listening for the reflections of the objects, as this provide the location of object detected.


This improvement and advanced system of sonar have been designed and used despite the knowledge of its effects to sea mammals. Even after the end of cold war, sonar has been used in military testing causing whales and dolphins to stranded and dead. The exercise of Navy using mid-frequency sonar which operates from 2,000 to 10,000 hertz has resulting in increasing to the numbers of mammal stranding. As this technology seem not enough to the military, they have now develop the new technology of sonar known as low – frequency sonar which is believed to cause wide range of sound travel. Environmentalists explain fear to this new technology as it will increase the number of whales and dolphins to stranding. Up to date there are numbers of cases which have been reported due to the effect of sonar, as will be mentioned in the following paragraphs.

In September 2002, fourteen beaked whales were stranded in the Canary Island close to the site of international naval exercise. This happened four hours after the mid frequency sonar was deployed. The effect of this tragedy is lost of ability to navigate for the whiles which force them to strand.

In 2003 US Navy Sonar in Pacific Northwest was direct linked to the number of death of whales. This blast draws attentions to many institutes. One of them was Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) which went on to stop US Navy of using the powerful active sonar system known as SURTASS LFA. NRDC was also involving other countries on restriction of using the sonar as to prevent the life of marine mammals.

The battle of protecting marine mammals with sonar have take a new look this January 2008, when President G.W Bush allow US Navy ships to use sonar during exercises off the California coast. The exercises is planned to take place in San Diego, where aircraft carries have been permitted to use sonar on detecting submarines. This decision of President Bush is opposing the court order of stopping the uses of sonar in the vicinity of whales.

Going back to my country four hundred dolphins were dead after beached, there is a need of positive thinking this effects which are caused by sonar. Further studies show that there even more effects to these sea mammals such as the reproduction of this endangered species; to disrupt the feeding of orcas; and to cause porpoises and other species to leap from the water, or panic and flee.

Nevertheless there is other dangerous noise which may also contribute on disturbing marine life. These dangerous sources of noise in the sea are manmade. There is ship traffic; the world is now witness increase of ships due to the increased of global business. These ships generate noise from their propeller, engine, generator and bearing. The propeller is one part of ship which provide a noise pollution to undersurface of sea. Propeller can provide noise from frequency range from 20Hz - 300Hz throughout the sea. Sea mammal such as whales whom they use frequency for navigating and communicating can be direct effected with this kind of noises which are traveling hundred of kilometer in the sea.

Bia zenye Vilemba.....

Huko Zenj bia ikifunguliwa shurti ivishwe kilemba...

Zenj yakaribia kuanza kusahau Metakelfin, Chloroquine.....

Akiwa katika ziara yake huko USA, Prez wa TZ Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete, akimshukuru Prez G. W Bush, alisema kuwa huko Zenj wapo karibu kabisa kutokomeza ugonjwa wa malaria. Aliendelea kwa kusema pale sipitali ya Mnazi Mmoja kesi za malaria zimepungua kwa kasi toka asilimia 30 hadi asilimia 1.

Mpaka leo hii Malaria ndio ugonjwa unaouwa watu wengi duniani. Kila mwaka zaidi ya watu milioni moja hufariki kutokana na ugonjwa huu. Hivyo juhudi zozote za kuondfoa ugonjwa huu hazipaswi kupitwa bila kuungwa mkono na kama sio kuzipongeza.

Zenj kwa miaka mingi kupitia misaada mbalimbali imekuwa ikijitahidi kuangamiza mazalio ya mbu ambao husababisha malaria. Hali ya hewa ya visiwa hivyo ni nzuri sana kwa mbu wengi kuzaliana na hivyo kusababisha kuwepo kwa malaria. Njia iliyokuwa ikitumika ni kunyunyuzia dawa za kuangamiza mazalio ya mbu katika kila kona ya mji wa zanzibar, toka mji mkongwe hadi ng´ambo, vita hivyo vya kuangamiza mazalio ya mbu ilibaki kidogo kufanikiwa na ilikuwa ni katika ile miaka ya sabini, hadi hivyo haikuweza kufanikiwa. Kurudi kwa mradi huu katika miaka ya hivi karibuni kulitoa tena faraja kwa wengi katika vita hivi.

Malaria na hasa vijidudu visababishao ugomjwa huu hatari kabisa wamekuwa wajanja na kuendelea kubadilika badilika na kushindana na kinda pamoja na dawa za kutibu ugonjwa huu. Kwangu mimi kesi ya kwanza kabisa ya malaria ilinipata kisiwani Zenj karibu miaka ishirini na tano iliyopita. Dozi ya kwanza kupewa ilikuwa ni Chloroquine, haikuweza kupambana na malaria yangu, baada ya wiki mbili bila mafanikio nilipatiwa dozi nyingine ya Quinine ambayo niliitumia kwa kipindi kingine cha wiki mbili na ilifanikiwa kunitibu. Miaka kumi baadae nikapata tena malaria nikiwa huko huko visiwani,dozi ya kwanza kupewa ilikuwa ni Metakelfin, baada ya wiki vidudu vya malaria vilikuwa bado vikitamba, dr. akanipa Phansider nayo ikashindwa kufanya kazi tena baada ya kuirudia katika wiki mbili mfulurizo. Mwishoe nikaambia nijaribu Halfan.. hapo nikapona

Tatizo la malaria katika nchi za Afrika kwa upande mwingine limefungua mlango wa watengenezaji wa madawa yasio pimwa madhara yake kwa binadamu, na kuuuzwa kwetu Afrika... kwa kisingizio kuwa dawa hizo ni za bei nafuu. Kila kukicha kunatangazwa dawa mpya za kutibu malaria na nyingi kati ya hizo huwa zina side effect kubwa mno kwa mtumiaji.

Vyandarua kwa upande mmoja zimesaidia sana katika vita hivi, ingawa sio wananchi wengi wenye uwezo wa kumudu kununua vyandarua, lakini mchango wake ni muhimu sana . Hili la kuangamiza mazalio ya mbu ndio la msingi. Na iwapo takwimu za ugonjwa huu zinaanza kushuka katika zahanati na sipitalini ni dalili nzuri kuwa kuna mafanikio. Cha msingi ni kwa wananchi wote kuunga mkono juhudi hizi ili kutokomeza kabisa ugomjwa huu wa malaria.

Habari ndio hiyo...

Mwezi wa gharama wakaribia huko Zenj...

Unapokaribia mwezi mtukufu wa Ramadhani, Jiji la zenj hujaa pilikapilika nyingi mno, ni rahisi sana kutofautisha jinsi watu wanavyoishi kabla ya mwezi huo kwani kila mtu huwa kwenye pilika za hali ya juu, tofauti kabisa na miezi mengine yoyote katika mwaka.

Kijana mmoja aliwahi kunilalamikia kuwa ingependeza kama kufunga mwezi Mtukufu wa Ramadhani ikawa kama fainali za kombe la dunia kutokea mara moja kwa miaka minne tena katika nchi tofauti. Akiwa na maana iwapo itakuwa zamu ya Tanzania kufunga mwaka huu nchi zingine hazitofunga mpaka zamu yao ikifika....! Sikupata picha kamili ingekuaje kwa nchi zaidi ya mia mbili duniani humu.. Mawazo kama haya uzaliwa kichwani mwa mtu kutokana na majukumu mengi katika mwezi huo.

Kabla ya mwezi kufika wengi hupata mialiko ya kuhudhuria shughuli za arusi, hii yote ni katika kujiandaa na mfungo, kwani wengi hupenda kufuturu majumbani mwao, hivyo vijana wengi hupenda kufunga ndoa katika kipindi kama hichi ili mradi tu awe na uhakika wa kupata futari murua akiwa kwake.

Hali halisi ya Zenj na hasa katika kuandaa futari husababisha ugumu mkubwa katika mwezi huu. Bei za bidhaa hupanda maradufu hivyo kuwa usumbufu mkubwa kwa waakazi wengi wa kipato cha kati visiwani hapo. Ikiwa bado siku kadhaa kabla mwezi huo kuanza bei ya nyama kwa kilo sasa ni zaidi ya sh. 5,000 huu ni mzigo mkubwa. Ikumbukwe bidhaa za vyakula kisiwani humo nyingi hutoka Bara na Pemba, hata hivyo uonekana kama havitoshi pamoja na ukubwa wa gharama.

Sina hakika kama kisiwa cha pili bado wataendeleza mgomo wao wa kutopeleka vyakula huko Zenj, baada ya muafaka kurudishwa tena mezani, na sina hakika hali itakuaje baada ya kasheshe za karibu miezi mitatu kuhusu Zenj kama nchi zitaathiri vipi mfungo wa mwaka huu. Kawaida pamoja na rais wa Zenj kutembelea kwenye markiti akiwaomba wauzaji kupunguza bei, bei hubaki palepale. Safari hii rais atavuka hatua ya kwenda markiti, kwani itabidi kuwashawishi waletaji bidhaa kufanya hivyo na kuweka siasa kando katika mwezi huu.

Ikumbukwe kuwa wananchi hao hujiandaa kwa muda wa miezi kumi kuja kufunga kwa mwezi mmoja, kwani bila ya kujiandaa na kujiwekea akiba unaweza kuja kuumbuka katika kutafuta futari hivyo kuufanya mfungo kuwa mgumu zaidi. Zaidi ya wao wenyewe kujiandaa, ndugu wengi waishio nje ya Zenj na hasa nje ya Afrika wamekuwa mstari wa mbele kusaidia kupunguza makali ya mwezi huu, kwa kujaza wazenj wengi katika ofisi za west union. Kwani pamoja na kujiandaa na futari pia ni mwanzo wa maandalizi ya sikukuu ya Idd ambayo usheherekewa kwa muda wa siku nne mfululizo. Sherehe hizo ni kubwa sana hasa kwa watoto ambao uwakera wazazi wao kwa kudai nguo mpya na maridadi, toys na kadhia zingine ziendanazo na sherehe hizo.

Mie binafsi napenda kuwatakia Wafungaji wote Mfungo mwema....